Many of my patients have asked about glucosamine sulfate and chondrin sulfate.   While the "reasearch" is not up to par, many people with chronic joint pain swear by these supplements.  Here's some uncensored information...

WHAT IT DOES & HOW IT WORKS

  Glucosaminic is an amino sugar formed in humans from glucose. It is the starting point for the synthesis of many important macromolecules including: glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycos-aminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). These macromolecules make up many of the body's tissues including: basement membranes, mucous membranes in the digestive and respiratory tracts, and synovial fluid in the joints.
 
   A deficiency of glucosamine can reduce the rate of production of these important macromolecules thereby leading to specific tissue weakness. In certain cases of trauma to the tissues, the amount of glucosamine normally synthesized by the body is insufficient. The tissues containing these glucosamine macromolecules include tendons and ligaments, cartilage, synovial fluid, mucus membranes, several structures in the eye, blood vessels, and heart valves.
 
   Glucosamine Sulfate is one of the biological chemicals that forms all of the major cushioning ingredients of the joint fluids and surrounding tissues. Glucosamine Sulfate and its associated macromolecules help to make the synovial fluid thick and elastic, in joints and vertebrae.
 
   Tissues in the joints can become damaged when these lubricating synovial fluids in the joint spaces become thin and watery. The normal cushioning is lost and consequently the bones and cartilage scrape against each other in the joint space. Weakened bursa sacs in the joints can also cause tendons to rub against the hard edges of bones, increasing the chance that the cartilage will erode and cause problems with movement and flexibility. These problems can also occur in the spinal column where the individual vertebrae are stacked on top of each other, separated only by the cushioning disc. The space between the vertebrae is where many nerves leave the spinal cord, which increases the value of the cushioning fluid. Any injury to this part of the back can cause the gelatinous cartilage to soften. When this happens, pressure may be put on the nerves, causing damage and
loss of nerve function. Glucosamine Sulfate helps increase the thickness of the gelatinous material, creating more support for the joints and vertebrae.
POSITIVE RESULTS FOR A VARIETY OF CONDITIONS
   Glucosamine Sulfate increases the chance for positive results in a short period of time for a variety of problems including:
-breakdown and inflammation of the synovial fluids;
-damage to the tissues, ligaments and muscles;
-inflamed disc and sciatica nerve;
-inflamed joints associated with aging;
-loss of elasticity in the invertebral discs. 
 
   There have been numerous studies showing the beneficial effects of Glucosamine Sulfate and its relationship with the symptoms of Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. There are many over the counter medications to relieve Arthritis symptoms, yet conventional medicine has nothing to offer in terms of controlling or reversing the condition. In fact, there is evidence that long term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) actually accelerate joint destruction in patients with Osteoarthritis, by interfering with the body's healing mechanism.
 
   Glucosamine Sulfate, which is naturally found in high concentrations in joint structures, appears to be one remedy that helps with Osteoarthritic causes and symptoms. Glucosamine Sulfate has been shown to exert a protective effect against joint destruction and is selectively used by joint tissues, exerting a powerful healing effect on arthritic symptoms.
GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE VS. OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS

  Glucosamine Sulfate is not an analgesic or an anti-inflammatory agent, rather it appears to halt the disease process.
Improvements occur more slowly with Glucosamine Sulfate than with over the counter arthritis medications (NSAIDs), but eventually Glucosamine overtakes the NSAIDs in terms of effectiveness. An example of this is one study that compared Glucosamine Sulfate to Ibuprofen. Pain scores decreased faster in the first two weeks in the Ibuprofen group. However, by the fourth week of the study, the group receiving the Glucosamine Sulfate was doing significantly better than the Ibuprofen group.
In addition, Glucosamin Sulfate is virtually free of side effects and there are no known contra-indications. Glucosamine Sulfate is a stable tasteless and water soluble nutrient. It is readily absorbed from the intestines, stays in the blood for several hours and very little is excreted. In contrast conventional arthritis medications can cause relatively severe side effects.
 
   In another study 30 patients with Osteoarthritis medications were divided into two groups. Half of the patients received Glucosamine Sulfate, while the control group received a traditional drug formula. Both groups showed improvement in the early stages of the study, with the Glucosamine Sulfate group improving to a significantly greater extent after the first several weeks. By the end of the study, the patients (control group) using the arthritis formula reverted almost to pretreatment levels. The total symptom score of the Glucosamine Sulfate group, had improved dramatically, while there was little change in the control group. 
 
   In yet another study, 20 patients with Osteoarthritis of the knee received Glucosamine Sulfate or a placebo, for eight weeks. The Glucosamine Sulfate group showed increased positive results, compared to the placebo group in the following areas: relieving pain, joint tenderness, and swelling. The results of the Glucosamine Sulfate group were consistently higher in all 10 patients, whereas the placebo group showed some change in the beginning, but very little change over the entire length of the study.
 

Here are most of the research studies done on glucosamine sulfate.  Many are only quasi-scientific.  None would pass the muster at some of the major american medical journals.

Rovati LC. Clinical research in osteoarthritis: design and results of short-term and long-term trials with disease-modifying drugs. Int. J. Tiss. Reac. XIV(5) 243-251 (1992)

Pujalte JM, et al. Double-blind clinical evaluation of oral glucosamine sulphate in the basic treatment of osteoarthrosis. Curr Med Res Opin 7:110-114; 1980.

Tapadinhas MJ, et al. Oral glucosamine sulphate in the management of arthrosis: report on a multi-centre open investigation in Portugal. Pharmatherapeutica 3:157-168; 1982.

Vaz AL. Double-blind clinical evaluation of the relative efficacy of ibuprofen and glucosamine sulphate in the management of osteoarthrosis of the knee in out-patients. Curr Med Res Opin 8:145-149; 1982.

Setnikar I, et al. Pharmacokinetics of glucosamine in man. Arzneim Forsch (Germany) 43:1109-13; 1993.

Zupanets IA, et al. The influence of glucosamine on the antiexudative effect of nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory agents. (USSR) 54:61-3; 1991.

Reichelt A, et al. Efficacy and safety of intramuscular glucosamine sulphate in osteoarthritis of the knee. A randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind study. Arzneim Forschung 44:75-80; 1994.

Vajaradul Y. Double blind clinical evaluation of intra-articular glucosamine in outpatients with gonarthrosis. Clin Ther 3:336-343; 1981.

Setkinar I, et al. Antiarthritic effects of glucosamine sulfate studied in animal models. Arzneim-Forsch 45:542; 1991.

Setkinar I, et al. Pharmacokinetics of Glucosamine in the Dog and in Man. Arzneim-Forsch 36:729-734; 1986.